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Graph showing the progress of the XSS worm that impacted 2525 users on Justin.tv. Justin.tv was a video casting website with an active user base of approximately 20 thousand users. The cross-site scripting vulnerability that was exploited was that the "Location" profile field was not properly sanitized before its inclusion in a profile page.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) [a] is a type of security vulnerability that can be found in some web applications. XSS attacks enable attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users. A cross-site scripting vulnerability may be used by attackers to bypass access controls such as the same-origin policy.
Additionally, while typically described as a static type of attack, CSRF can also be dynamically constructed as part of a payload for a cross-site scripting attack, as demonstrated by the Samy worm, or constructed on the fly from session information leaked via offsite content and sent to a target as a malicious URL.
Double encoding is usually used as an attack technique to bypass authorization schemes or security filters that intercept user input. [2] In double encoding attacks against security filters, characters of the payload that are treated as illegal by those filters are replaced with their double-encoded form. [3]
Cache-timing attacks rely on the ability to infer hits and misses in shared caches on the web platform. [54] One of the first instances of a cache-timing attack involved the making of a cross-origin request to a page and then probing for the existence of the resources loaded by the request in the shared HTTP and the DNS cache.
A gray box penetration test is a combination of the two (where limited knowledge of the target is shared with the auditor). [6] A penetration test can help identify a system's vulnerabilities to attack and estimate how vulnerable it is. [7] [5] Security issues that the penetration test uncovers should be reported to the system owner. [8]
Samy (also known as JS.Spacehero) is a cross-site scripting worm that was designed to propagate across the social networking site MySpace by Samy Kamkar.Within just 20 hours [1] of its October 4, 2005 release, over one million users had run the payload [2] making Samy the fastest-spreading virus of all time.
Self-XSS (self cross-site scripting) is a type of security vulnerability used to gain control of victims' web accounts. In a Self-XSS attack, the victim of the attack runs malicious code in their own web browser, thus exposing personal information to the attacker.