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Aristotle furthers this idea of being a "middle cause" by furnishing the metaphor of the movement of the elbow, as it relates to the immobility of the shoulder (703a13). The inborn pneuma is, likewise, tethered to the soul, or as he says here, tēn arche tēn psuchikēn, " the origin of the soul," the soul as the center of causality.
Aristotle (384–322 BC) studied at Plato's Academy in Athens, remaining there for about 20 years.Like Plato, he sought universals in his philosophy, but unlike Plato he backed up his views with detailed and systematic observation, notably of the natural history of the island of Lesbos, where he spent about two years, and the marine life in the seas around it, especially of the Pyrrha lagoon ...
Praxagoras of Cos was a follower of Aristotle's cardiocentric theory and was the first one to distinguish arteries and veins. He conjectured that arteries carry pneuma while transporting blood. [clarification needed] He also proved that a pulse can be detected from the arteries and explained that the arteries' ends narrowed into nerves. [10]
Historia animalium et al., Constantinople, 12th century (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, pluteo 87.4). History of Animals (Ancient Greek: Τῶν περὶ τὰ ζῷα ἱστοριῶν, Ton peri ta zoia historion, "Inquiries on Animals"; Latin: Historia Animalium, "History of Animals") is one of the major texts on biology by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle.
Aristotle drew an analogy between the "foamy matter" (τὸ ἀφρῶδες, to aphrodes) found in nature and the "seed" of an animal, which he viewed as being a kind of foam itself (composed, as it was, from a mixture of water and pneuma). For Aristotle, the generative materials of male and female animals (semen and menstrual fluid) were ...
Among the ancient catalogues of Aristotle's works, a work On Breath (but in three books, not one) is listed only by Ptolemy-el-Garib, and Pliny the Elder (N.H. XI.220) and Galen (De simpl. med. temp. et fac. V.9) are the first authors who appear to make reference to the treatise we possess. [1]
The Parva Naturalia (a conventional Latin title first used by Giles of Rome: "short works on nature") are a collection of seven works by Aristotle, which discuss natural phenomena involving the body and the soul. They form parts of Aristotle's biology. The individual works are as follows (with links to online English translations):
Aristotle states the heart is the location of the 5 sensations of the body and is directly responsible for respiration and the sustenance of life. [8] The heart is of further importance as it is all animal's area of heating the body and blood and the creation of pneuma, or life force that animates the body. [8]