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But SAE also allows designating an oil with two viscosity grades, referred to as a multi-grade oil. For example, 10W-30 designates a common multi-grade oil. A 10W-30 oil must pass the SAE J300 viscosity grade requirements for both 10W and 30, and all limitations placed on the viscosity grades, such as the requirement that a 10W oil must fail ...
where U is the oil's kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (104 °F), Y is the oil's kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (212 °F), and L and H are the viscosities at 40 °C for two hypothetical oils of VI 0 and 100 respectively, having the same viscosity at 100 °C as the oil whose VI we are trying to determine.
The grades include single grades, such as SAE 30, and also multi-grades such as SAE 15W-30. A multi-grade consists of a winter grade specifying the viscosity at cold temperatures and a non-winter grade specifying the viscosity at operating temperatures. An engine oil using a polymeric viscosity index improver (VII) must be classified as multi ...
Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
Commonly used hydraulic oil viscosities fall under the ISO VG (Viscosity Grade) classification system, which is based on the oil’s kinematic viscosity at 40°C (104°F). The most prevalent grades for general industrial and mobile hydraulic systems are typically: ISO VG 32; ISO VG 46; ISO VG 68
It may be obtained from the heavy gas oil cut, [7] or it may be a blend of residual oil with enough number 2 oil to adjust viscosity until it can be pumped without preheating. [8] This fuel is sometimes known by the Navy specification of Bunker B. Number 6 fuel oil is a high-viscosity residual oil requiring preheating to 104–127 °C (219 ...