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2. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions.

3. Dealkalization of water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization_of_water

   Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt solution - NaCl. In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as calcium and magnesium.

4. Lime softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

   Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation.

5. Why salt melts ice — and how to use it on your sidewalk - AOL

   www.aol.com/news/chemists-told-us-why-salt...

   Ice has a semi-liquid surface layer; When you mix salt onto that layer, it slowly lowers its melting point.. The more surface area salt can cover, the better the chances for melting ice.. Ice ...

6. Ion exchange - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_exchange

   Water softeners are usually regenerated with brine containing 10% sodium chloride. [7] Aside from the soluble chloride salts of divalent cations removed from the softened water, softener regeneration wastewater contains the unused 50–70% of the sodium chloride regeneration flushing brine required to reverse ion-exchange resin equilibria.

7. Calcium magnesium acetate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_magnesium_acetate

   Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA, with chemical formula C 12 H 18 CaMg 2 O 12 [1]) is a deicer and can be used as an alternative to road salt.It is approximately as corrosive as normal tap water, and in varying concentrations can be effective in stopping road ice from forming down to around −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) (its eutectic temperature [2]).