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Inclusion has different historical roots/background which may be integration of students with severe disabilities in the US (who may previously been excluded from schools or even lived in institutions) [7] [8] [9] or an inclusion model from Canada and the US (e.g., Syracuse University, New York) which is very popular with inclusion teachers who believe in participatory learning, cooperative ...
The illusion of inclusion was characterized by Helen Turnbull in terms of diversity and inclusion; using the baking of a cake as an analogy, diversity was characterized as "the mix" and inclusion was characterized as "the effort that it takes to make the mix work"; with the analogy set, she concluded that "having a diverse workforce does not ...
DEI policy emerged from Affirmative action in the United States. [19] The legal term "affirmative action" was first used in "Executive Order No. 10925", [20] signed by President John F. Kennedy on 6 March 1961, which included a provision that government contractors "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated [fairly] during employment, without ...
Community integration, while diversely defined, is a term encompassing the full participation of all people in community life. It has specifically referred to the integration of people with disabilities into US society [1] [2] from the local to the national level, and for decades was a defining agenda in countries such as Great Britain. [3]
Social inclusion is the converse of social exclusion. As the World Bank states, social inclusion is the process of improving the ability, opportunity, and worthiness of people, disadvantaged on the basis of their identity, to take part in society. [50]
Inclusion criteria may include factors such as type and stage of disease, the subject’s previous treatment history, age, sex, race, ethnicity. Exclusion criteria concern properties of the study sample, defining reasons for which patients from the target population are to be excluded from the current study sample.
Some researchers believe that self-expansion, like hunger and thirst, originates from the basic physiological needs in the nervous system, [6] and is associated to the reward system in the brain. [7] Some researchers also believe that the motivation for self-expansion is partly rooted in social approval and acceptance. [8]
Financial inclusion is the availability and equality of opportunities to access financial services. [1] It refers to processes by which individuals and businesses can access appropriate, affordable, and timely financial products and services—which include banking, loan, equity, and insurance products.