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Treatment may include dietary changes and folic acid supplements. [1] Dietary changes including eating foods high in folate such as, fruits and green leafy vegetables can help. [1] Prevention is recommended for pregnant women or those who are planning a pregnancy. [1] Folate deficiency is very rare in countries with folic acid fortification ...
A 2019 study suggested that oral B 12 is inferior to B 12 injections in severe cases, as "there is no proof in large prospective, double-blind studies that oral supplementation is as effective in reducing symptoms associated with vitamin B 12 deficiency as parenteral treatment." [153] There is risk that folic acid administered to those with ...
Otherwise, methylmalonic acid accumulates, making it a marker for vitamin B 12 deficiency, among other things. Methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase (MUT) is an isomerase enzyme that uses the AdoB 12 form and reaction type 1 to convert L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA , an important step in the catabolic breakdown of some amino acids into succinyl ...
Without treatment, some of these problems may become permanent. [5] Pernicious anemia refers to a type of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia that results from lack of intrinsic factor. [5] Lack of intrinsic factor is most commonly due to an autoimmune attack on the cells that create it in the stomach. [9]
Megaloblastic anemia, the most common cause of macrocytic anemia, is due to a deficiency of either vitamin B 12, folic acid, or both. [81] Deficiency in folate or vitamin B 12 can be due either to inadequate intake or insufficient absorption. Folate deficiency normally does not produce neurological symptoms, while B 12 deficiency does.
As a consequence of the biochemical reactions in which homocysteine is involved, deficiencies of vitamin B 6, folic acid (vitamin B 9), and vitamin B 12 can lead to high homocysteine levels. [2] Other possible causes of hyperhomocysteinemia include genetics, excessive methionine intake, and other diseases. [3]