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Source regions of global air masses. The Bergeron classification is the most widely accepted form of air mass classification, though others have produced more refined versions of this scheme over different regions of the globe.
The Bergeron classification is the most widely accepted form of air mass classification. Air mass classifications are indicated by three letters: [3] [4] Fronts separate air masses of different types or origins, and are located along troughs of lower pressure. [5] The first letter describes its moisture properties, with
An air-mass thunderstorm, also called an "ordinary", [1] "single cell", "isolated" or "garden variety" thunderstorm, [2] is a thunderstorm that is generally weak and usually not severe. These storms form in environments where at least some amount of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) is present, but with very low levels of wind shear ...
A similar air mass rising on the other side of the equator forces those rising air masses to move poleward. The rising air creates a low pressure zone near the equator. As the air moves poleward, it cools, becomes denser, and descends at about the 30th parallel, creating a high-pressure area. The descended air then travels toward the equator ...
A warm front is a slow-moving air mass that displaces a cold air mass. [3] Warm fronts typically move at speeds of 10 to 25 miles per hour, and clouds form as warm air is lifted up, then cooled and condensed to form clouds. A warm front may bring persistent precipitation, fog, and cloudy skies, signaling the start of wet weather.
Because of a warm air mass’s higher temperature and thus lesser density, mixing between the two air masses is unlikely. Being light, the warm air mass is unable to displace the cooler air mass and instead is forced upward along the upper boundary of the colder air in a process known as overrunning. The boundary between the two air masses has ...
A mesocyclone is a vortex of air, 2.0 kilometres (1.2 mi) to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter (the mesoscale of meteorology), within a convective storm. [59] Air rises and rotates around a vertical axis, usually in the same direction as low-pressure systems [60] in both northern and southern hemisphere.
The Sun warms the ground, which in turn warms the air directly above it. The warmer air expands, becoming less dense than the surrounding air mass, and creating a thermal low. [4] [5] The mass of lighter air rises, and as it does, it cools due to its expansion at lower high-altitude pressures. It stops rising when it has cooled to the same ...