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Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen [ note 1 ] and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases .
It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). HF is also widely used in the petrochemical industry as a component of superacids.
The carbon–fluorine chemical bond of the organofluorine compounds is the strongest bond in organic chemistry. [113] Along with the low polarizability of the molecules, these are the most important factors contributing to the great stability of the organofluorines.
Perfluoroalkanes are very stable because of the strength of the carbon–fluorine bond, one of the strongest in organic chemistry. [4] Its strength is a result of the electronegativity of fluorine imparting partial ionic character through partial charges on the carbon and fluorine atoms, which shorten and strengthen the bond (compared to carbon-hydrogen bonds) through favorable covalent ...
Fluoride toxicity is a condition in which there are elevated levels of the fluoride ion in the body. Although fluoride is safe for dental health at low concentrations, [1] sustained consumption of large amounts of soluble fluoride salts is dangerous.
Fluorine is often added to drug molecules during drug design, as even a single atom can greatly change the chemical properties of the molecule in desirable ways. Because of the considerable stability of the carbon–fluorine bond , many drugs are fluorinated to delay their metabolism , which is the chemical process in which the drugs are turned ...
The fluorine NMR pattern for FCN showed that there was a triplet peak centered at 80 ppm (3180 cps) with a 32-34 cps splitting between adjacent peaks because of the N 14 nucleus. [2] This splitting is absent near freezing point and it collapses to a singlet peak. The IR spectrum of FCN shows two doublet bands at around 2290 cm −1 (for the C ...
Introducing the carbon–fluorine bond to organic compounds is the major challenge for medicinal chemists using organofluorine chemistry, as the carbon–fluorine bond increases the probability of having a successful drug by about a factor of ten. [30] Over half of agricultural chemicals contain C-F bonds. A common example is trifluralin. [31]