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Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a magnetic resonance imaging sequence with an inversion recovery set to null fluids. For example, it can be used in brain imaging to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) effects on the image, so as to bring out the periventricular hyperintense lesions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques. [ 1 ]
ARIA MRI Classification Criteria [11] ARIA Type Radiographic Severity Mild Moderate Severe ARIA-E Edema: FLAIR hyperintensity confined to sulcus and/or cortex/subcortical white matter in one location < 5 cm FLAIR hyperintensity 5 to 10 cm, or more than 1 site of involvement, each measuring < 10 cm
MRI scans showing hyperintensities. A hyperintensity or T2 hyperintensity is an area of high intensity on types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain of a human or of another mammal that reflect lesions produced largely by demyelination and axonal loss.
Imaging at 6, 12, and 24 months and repeat hormonal evaluation yearly for 4 years is often recommended, [6] but there exists controversy about harm/benefit of such screening as there is a high subsequent false-positive rate (about 50:1) and overall low incidence of adrenal carcinoma. [8]
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) [2] is an inversion-recovery pulse sequence used to nullify the signal from fluids. For example, it can be used in brain imaging to suppress cerebrospinal fluid so as to bring out periventricular hyperintense lesions, such as multiple sclerosis plaques.
The term "leukoaraiosis" was coined in 1986 [6] [7] by Hachinski, Potter, and Merskey as a descriptive term for rarefaction ("araiosis") of the white matter, showing up as decreased density on CT and increased signal intensity on T2/FLAIR sequences (white matter hyperintensities) performed as part of MRI brain scans.
V76 Special screening for malignant neoplasms; V77 Special screening for endocrine nutritional metabolic and immunity disorders; V78 Special screening for disorders of blood and blood-forming organs; V79 Special screening for mental disorders and developmental handicaps; V80 Special screening for neurological eye and ear diseases
ADEM can present plaque-like lesions which are indistinguishable from MS [13] Nevertheless, ADEM White Matter appears intact under Magnetization Transfer MRI, while MS shows problems (See NAWM). [14] Besides ADEM does not present "black holes" under MRI (zones with axonal damage) and lesions develop strictly around veins instead of the more ...