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Svalbard (/ ˈ s v ɑː l b ɑːr (d)/ SVAHL-bar(d), [4] Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsvɑ̂ːɫbɑr]), previously known as Spitsbergen or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago that lies at the convergence of the Arctic Ocean with the Atlantic Ocean. North of mainland Europe, it lies about midway between the northern coast of Norway and the North ...
Sør-Spitsbergen National Park (Norwegian: Sør-Spitsbergen nasjonalpark, English: South Spitzbergen National Park) encompasses the southern end of Spitsbergen island in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway. The park was opened in 1973 and includes Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Torell Land and Sørkapp Land.
Nordvest-Spitsbergen National Park (Norwegian: Nordvest-Spitsbergen nasjonalpark) is located on the Norwegian arctic archipelago of Svalbard and includes parts of north-west Spitsbergen (Albert I Land and Haakon VII Land) and nearby islands such as Danes Island and Moffen. It contains, among other things, warm springs and remains of volcanoes ...
Smeerenburg's decline began in the early to mid-1640s, [11] as whales became scarce in the bays and sounds off Spitsbergen. [12] We hear of it still in use by the Hoorn chamber as late as 1657. [ 13 ]
Once named Spitsbergen after its largest island, the Svalbard archipelago was made a part of Norway—not a dependency—by the Svalbard Act of 1925. Since this date, it has been a region of Norway, with a Norwegian-appointed governor resident at the administrative centre of Longyearbyen.
Nordenskiöld Land National Park (Norwegian: Nordenskiöld Land nasjonalpark), also known as Nordenskjøld Land National Park, is a national park in Spitsbergen island in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway. Opened in 2003, the park covers the southern part of Nordenskiöld Land, on the north shore of Van Mijenfjorden.
Billfjorden (labelled e) is on Spitsbergen's west coast. Billefjorden is the central fjord of the three branching from the innermost part of the Isfjorden to the northeast, in Svalbard, Norway. It is 30 km long and 5–8 km wide. Billefjorden lies between Dickson Land to the northwest and Bünsow Land in the southeast.
Newtontoppen (Newton Peak) is the largest and highest mountain in Svalbard, at 1,713 metres (5,620 ft). Its peak is the highest point on Svalbard. [1] It is located at the north east corner on the island of Spitsbergen in the Chydeniusfjella range. The nearest settlement is the formerly Soviet coal mining settlement Pyramiden.