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Administering a vaginal tablet without an applicator. Intravaginal administration is a route of administration where the substance is applied inside the vagina . Pharmacologically , it has the potential advantage to result in effects primarily in the vagina or nearby structures (such as the vaginal portion of cervix ) with limited systemic ...
As unopposed estrogen therapy (using estrogen alone without progesterone) increases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in women with intact uteruses, estradiol is usually combined with a progestogen like progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate to prevent the effects of estradiol on the endometrium.
Conjugated estrogens was introduced for medical use under the brand name Premarin in Canada in 1941, in the United States in 1942, and in the United Kingdom in 1956. [80] The manufacturer of Premarin secretly paid gynecologist Robert A. Wilson to promote its use by menopausal women in his 1966 book, Feminine Forever, leading to increased sales ...
Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEs/MPA), sold under the brand names Prempro and Premphase, is a combination product of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin), an estrogen collected from horse urine, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), a progestogen, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
Conjugated estrogens/methyltestosterone (CEEs/MT), sold under the brand name Premarin with Methyltestosterone, is a combination of conjugated estrogens (CEEs), an estrogen, and methyltestosterone (MT), an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAR), which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for women.
[3] [4] [11] Premarin was introduced by Ayerst in 1941 [4] and has become not only a very widely used estrogen, but one of the most widely prescribed drugs in North America. [ 12 ] Both Emmenin and Progynon contained a mixture of water-soluble conjugated estrogens, later determined to be mostly estriol glucuronide .
Estrone sulfate (E1S) is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. [1] It is used in menopausal hormone therapy among other indications. [1] [2] As the sodium salt (sodium estrone sulfate), it is the major estrogen component of conjugated estrogens (Premarin) and esterified estrogens (Estratab, Menest).
17β-Dihydroequilin is a naturally occurring estrogen sex hormone found in horses as well as a medication. [1] [2] As the C3 sulfate ester sodium salt, it is a minor constituent (1.7%) of conjugated estrogens (CEEs; brand name Premarin). [1]