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It was believed that the cutoff for round objects is somewhere between 100 km and 200 km in radius if they have a large amount of ice in their makeup; [1] however, later studies revealed that icy satellites as large as Iapetus (1,470 kilometers in diameter) are not in hydrostatic equilibrium at this time, [2] and a 2019 assessment suggests that ...
An intercontinental ballistic missile is defined as a missile that can hit a target at least 5500 km away, and according to the above formula this requires an initial speed of 6.1 km/s. Increasing the speed to 7.9 km/s to attain any point on Earth requires a considerably larger missile because the amount of fuel needed goes up exponentially ...
Earth's atmosphere photographed from the International Space Station.The orange and green line of airglow is at roughly the altitude of the Kármán line. [1]The Kármán line (or von Kármán line / v ɒ n ˈ k ɑːr m ɑː n /) [2] is a conventional definition of the edge of space; it is widely but not universally accepted.
In practice, only 1:1 ratio (geosynchronous) and 1:2 ratios (semi-synchronous) are common. Geosynchronous orbit (GSO): An orbit around the Earth with a period equal to one sidereal day, which is Earth's average rotational period of 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.091 seconds. For a nearly circular orbit, this implies an altitude of approximately 35,786 ...
From US Space Shuttles, which typically orbited at around 135 mi (217 km), cities were easily distinguishable from surrounding countryside. [1] Using binoculars, astronauts could even see roads, dams, harbors, even large vehicles such as ships and planes. [2] [6] At night, cities are also easily visible from the higher orbit of the ISS.
The micrometre (SI symbol: μm) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10 −6 metres ( 1 / 1 000 000 m = 0. 000 001 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude , this section lists some items with lengths between 10 −6 and 10 −5 m (between 1 and 10 micrometers , or μm).
No successful space dives (above 100 km) have been completed to date. In 1959 Joseph Kittinger accomplished a jump from 74,700 feet (22.8 km); he then set a long-standing record in 1960 when he jumped from 102,800 feet (31.3 km).
Outer space (or simply space) is the expanse that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere and between celestial bodies. [1] It contains ultra-low levels of particle densities, constituting a near-perfect vacuum [2] of predominantly hydrogen and helium plasma, permeated by electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, neutrinos, magnetic fields and dust.