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Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits.
It also focuses on alternative distribution mechanisms to pricing, using instead normative considerations like need, fairness, altruism, moral obligation, or contribution. [ 1 ] Collective efficacy and social capital are central to two very successful examples of civic-based, non-monetary economies: time banks and local exchange trading systems ...
Unconditional cash transfer (UCT) programs are philanthropic programs that aim to reduce poverty by providing financial welfare without any conditions upon the receivers' actions. [1] This differentiates them from conditional cash transfers where the government (or a charity) only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. [2]
Cash transfer programmes in developing countries are constrained by three factors: financial resources, institutional capacity and ideology. [3] Governments in poorer countries tend to have restricted financial resources, and are therefore limited in the amount they can invest both directly in cash transfers and in measures to ensure that such programmes are effective. [3]
Quintile measures of inequality satisfy the transfer principle only in its weak form because any changes in income distribution outside the relevant quintiles are not picked up by this measures; only the distribution of income between the very rich and the very poor matters while inequality in the middle plays no role.
Gift-giving is a form of transfer of property rights over particular objects. The nature of those property rights varies from society to society, from culture to culture. They are not universal. The nature of gift-giving is thus altered by the type of property regime in place. [12]
An informal value transfer system is an alternative and unofficial remittance and banking system, that pre-dates current day modern banking systems. The systems were established as a means of settling accounts within villages and between villages. It existed as far back as over 4000 years ago and even more. [1] [2]
Money transfer generally refers to one of the following cashless modes of payment or payment systems: Electronic funds transfer , an umbrella term mostly used for bank card-based payments Giro (banking) , also known as direct deposit