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In economics, a consumer's indirect utility function (,) gives the consumer's maximal attainable utility when faced with a vector of goods prices and an amount of income. It reflects both the consumer's preferences and market conditions.
In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which the economic forces of supply and demand are balanced, meaning that economic variables will no longer change. [ 1 ] Market equilibrium in this case is a condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal ...
That is, if we consider a sufficiently small change in some exogenous parameter, we can calculate how each endogenous variable changes using only the first derivatives of the terms that appear in the equilibrium equations. For example, suppose the equilibrium value of some endogenous variable is determined by the following equation:
In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an overall general equilibrium.
In the pre-tax equilibrium the distance equals $5.00 x 0.20 = $1.00. This burden of the tax is again shared by the buyer and seller. If the new equilibrium quantity decreases to 85 and the buyer bears a higher proportion of the tax burden (e.g. $0.75), the total amount of tax collected equals $1.00 x 85 = $85.00.
A-CEEI (and CEEI in general) is related, but not identical, to the concept of competitive equilibrium. Competitive equilibrium (CE) is a descriptive concept: it describes the situation in free market when the price stabilizes and the demand equals the supply. CEEI is a normative concept: it describes a rule for dividing commodities between people.
For example, in the IS-LM graph shown here, the IS curve shows the amount of the dependent variable spending (Y) as a function of the independent variable the interest rate (i), while the LM curve shows the value of the dependent variable, the interest rate, that equilibrates the money market as a function of the independent variable income ...
It follows that the market value of total excess demand in the economy must be zero, which is the statement of Walras's law. Walras's law implies that if there are n markets and n – 1 of these are in equilibrium, then the last market must also be in equilibrium, a property which is essential in the proof of the existence of equilibrium.