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Four Confidences" [1] (Chinese: 四个自信) is a political concept by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping. [1] [2] The concept includes "Confidence in Path, [a] Confidence in Theories, [b] Confidence in System, [c] and Confidence in Culture." [d] [3] [4] [5] In 2021, the concept was expanded to include the idea of ...
In the 1980s, it became evident to Chinese economists that the Marxist theory of the law of value—understood as the expression of the labor theory of value—could not serve as the basis of China's pricing system. [18] They concluded that Marx never intended his theory of law of value to work "as an expression of 'concretized labor time ' ". [18]
5th "China Economic Theory Innovation Award" (2012) Jiang Xiaojuan ( Chinese : 江小涓 ; born June 1956 in Xi'an ) is a Chinese economist and politician. She is a Professor and Dean of the School of Public Policy and Management of Tsinghua University , and a research professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS).
Systems theory is the transdisciplinary [1] study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial. Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, defined by its structure, function and role, and expressed through its relations with other systems.
China's unique set of historical circumstances demanded a correspondingly unique application of Marxist theory, an application that would have to diverge from the Soviet approach. Beginning in the Yan'an period, Mao Zedong Thought became the ideological guide for developing revolutionary culture and a long-term social movement.
[6] The concept was developed and became influential after 1968, when Fairbank edited and published a conference volume, The Chinese World Order, with fourteen essays on China's pre-modern relations with Vietnam, Korea, Inner Asia and Tibet, Southeast Asia and the Ryukyus, as well as an Introduction and essays describing Chinese views of the ...
Peasant Life in China: A Field Study of Country Life in the Yangtze Valley. Preface by Bronislaw Malinowski. London: G. Routledge and New York: Dutton, 1939, and various reprints and a Japanese translation. Fei and Chang Chih-I [Zhang Zhiyi 张之毅], Earthbound China: A Study of Rural Economy in Yunnan. University of Chicago Press, 1945.
According to this theory, each dynasty of China rises to a political, cultural, and economic peak and then, because of moral corruption, declines, loses the Mandate of Heaven, and falls, only to be replaced by a new dynasty. The cycle then repeats under a surface pattern of repetitive motifs.