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An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
The protoscience of chemistry, and alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard ...
1789: Antoine Lavoisier: law of conservation of mass, basis for chemistry, and the beginning of modern chemistry. 1796: Georges Cuvier: Establishes extinction as a fact. 1796: Edward Jenner: smallpox historical accounting. 1796: Hanaoka Seishū: develops general anaesthesia. 1800: Alessandro Volta: discovers electrochemical series and invents ...
Francesco Bellini (born 1947), research scientist, doctor in organic chemistry; Andrey Belozersky (1905–1972), Soviet biologist and biochemist, doctor in biological sciences; Ruth R. Benerito (1916–2013), American chemist known for inventions relating to textiles; Paul Berg (1926–2023), American biochemist,1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Pais, Abraham ; Inward Bound – Of Matter & Forces in the Physical World, Oxford University Press (1986) ISBN 0-19-851997-4 Written by a former Einstein assistant at Princeton, this is a beautiful detailed history of modern fundamental physics, from 1895 (discovery of X-rays) to 1983 (discovery of vectors bosons at C.E.R.N.)
The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly significant technological inventions and their inventors, where known. [a] History of ...
c. 520 BC – Alcmaeon of Croton distinguished veins from arteries and discovered the optic nerve. c. 450 BC – Sushruta wrote the Sushruta Samhita, redacted versions of which, by the third century AD, describe over 120 surgical instruments and 300 surgical procedures, classify human surgery into eight categories, and introduce cosmetic surgery.
A distinction is drawn between a discovery and an invention, as discussed for example by Bolesław Prus. [7] However, discoveries and inventions are inextricably related, in that discoveries lead to inventions, and inventions facilitate discoveries; and since the same phenomenon of multiplicity occurs in relation to both discoveries and ...