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A floral diagram is a graphic representation of the structure of a flower. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. Different parts of the flower are represented by their respective symbols. Floral diagrams are useful for flower identification or can help in understanding angiosperm evolution.
Diagram of flower parts. In botany, floral morphology is the study of the diversity of forms and structures presented by the flower, which, by definition, is a branch of limited growth that bears the modified leaves responsible for reproduction and protection of the gametes, called floral pieces.
Floral formulae are one of the two ways of describing flower structure developed during the 19th century, the other being floral diagrams. [2] The format of floral formulae differs according to the tastes of particular authors and periods, yet they tend to convey the same information. [1] A floral formula is often used along with a floral diagram.
A mature flower. In this example, the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when called a perigone.
In a mature flower, the perianth consists of a calyx and the corolla (petals) it supports. Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the corolla.
The corolla: zero or more whorls of petals above the calyx; The androecium: zero or more whorls of stamens, each comprising a filament and an anther; The gynoecium: zero or more whorls of carpels, each consisting of an ovary, a style, and a stigma; A flower lacking any of these floral structures is said to be incomplete or imperfect. [3]
Just beneath (subtended) the flower there may be a modified, and usually reduced, leaf, called a bract. A secondary smaller bract is a bracteole (bractlet, prophyll, prophyllum), often on the side of the pedicel, and generally paired. A series of bracts subtending the calyx (see below) is an epicalyx. Angiosperms are dealt with in more detail ...
Diagram showing the parts of a mature flower. In this example the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals.