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Multi-index notation is a mathematical notation that simplifies formulas used in multivariable calculus, partial differential equations and the theory of distributions, by generalising the concept of an integer index to an ordered tuple of indices.
The proof of the general Leibniz rule [2]: 68–69 proceeds by induction. Let f {\displaystyle f} and g {\displaystyle g} be n {\displaystyle n} -times differentiable functions. The base case when n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} claims that: ( f g ) ′ = f ′ g + f g ′ , {\displaystyle (fg)'=f'g+fg',} which is the usual product rule and is known ...
The Cauchy formula for repeated integration, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, allows one to compress n antiderivatives of a function into a single integral (cf. Cauchy's formula). For non-integer n it yields the definition of fractional integrals and (with n < 0) fractional derivatives .
In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis.It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk, and it provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a holomorphic function.
For a (0,2) tensor, [1] twice contracting with the inverse metric tensor and contracting in different indices raises each index: =. Similarly, twice contracting with the metric tensor and contracting in different indices lowers each index:
The free group G = π 1 (X) has n = 2 generators corresponding to loops a,b from the base point P in X.The subgroup H of even-length words, with index e = [G : H] = 2, corresponds to the covering graph Y with two vertices corresponding to the cosets H and H' = aH = bH = a −1 H = b − 1 H, and two lifted edges for each of the original loop-edges a,b.
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In elementary number theory, the lifting-the-exponent lemma (LTE lemma) provides several formulas for computing the p-adic valuation of special forms of integers. The lemma is named as such because it describes the steps necessary to "lift" the exponent of p {\displaystyle p} in such expressions.