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Axial – along the center of a round body, or the axis of rotation of a body Radial – along a direction pointing along a radius from the center of an object, or perpendicular to a curved path. Circumferential (or azimuthal ) – following around a curve or circumference of an object.
Substituents on a cyclohexane ring prefer to reside in the equatorial position to the axial. The difference in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) between the higher energy conformation (axial substitution) and the lower energy conformation (equatorial substitution) is the A-value for that particular substituent.
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
As examples, in PF 5 the axial P−F bond length is 158 pm and the equatorial is 152 pm, and in PCl 5 the axial and equatorial are 214 and 202 pm respectively. [2] In the mixed halide PF 3 Cl 2 the chlorines occupy two of the equatorial positions, [2] indicating that fluorine has a greater apicophilicity or tendency to
The angle between the Earth's equatorial plane and the ecliptic, ε, is called the obliquity of the ecliptic and ε ≈ 23.4°. An equinox occurs when the earth is at a position in its orbit such that a vector from the earth toward the sun points to where the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator.
At the end of the process, all axial positions have become equatorial and vice versa. The overall barrier of 10.8 kcal/mol corresponds to a rate constant of about 10 5 s –1 at room temperature. Note that the twist-boat ( D 2 ) conformer and the half-chair ( C 2 ) transition state are in chiral point groups and are therefore chiral molecules.
Model of the equatorial coordinate system. Declination (vertical arcs, degrees) and hour angle (horizontal arcs, hours) is shown. For hour angle, right ascension (horizontal arcs, degrees) can be used as an alternative. The equatorial coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system widely used to specify the positions of celestial objects.
Earth radius (denoted as R 🜨 or R E) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid (an oblate ellipsoid), the radius ranges from a maximum (equatorial radius, denoted a) of nearly 6,378 km (3,963 mi) to a minimum (polar radius, denoted b) of nearly 6,357 km (3,950 mi).