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Rose Pergola at Kew Gardens, London A pergola covered by wisteria at a private home in Alabama Pergola type arbor. A pergola is most commonly an outdoor garden feature forming a shaded walkway, passageway, or sitting area of vertical posts or pillars that usually support crossbeams and a sturdy open lattice, often upon which woody vines are trained. [1]
Historically, roof pitch was designated in two other ways: A ratio of the ridge height to the width of the building (span) [6] and as a ratio of the rafter length to the width of the building. [7] Commonly used roof pitches were given names such as: Greek: the ridge height is 1 ⁄ 9 to 1 ⁄ 7 the span (an angle of 12.5° to 16°);
Compass rafter: A rafter curved or bowed on the top (the top surface of a rafter is called its "back") or both the top and bottom surfaces. Curb rafter: The upper rafters in a curb (kerb, gambrel, Mansard roof) roof. Hip rafter (angle rafter): The rafter in the corners of a hip roof. The foot of a hip rafter lands on a dragon beam.
A lookout, [1] lookout rafter or roof outlooker [2] is a wooden joist that extends in cantilever out from the exterior wall (or wall plate) of a building, supporting the roof sheathing and providing a nailing surface for the fascia boards. When not exposed it serves to fasten the finish materials of the eaves.
The top ends of the rafters often meet at a ridge beam, but may butt directly to another rafter to form a pair of rafters called a couple. Depending on the roof covering material, either horizontal laths , battens , or purlins are fixed to the rafters; or boards, plywood , or oriented strand board form the roof deck (also called the sheeting or ...
By supporting the rafters they allow longer spans than the rafters alone could span, thus allowing a wider building. Purlin plates are very commonly found in large old barns in North America. A crown plate has similarities to a purlin plate but supports collar beams in the middle of a timber-framed building.
Key:1: ridge beam, 2: purlins, 3: common rafters. This is an example of a "double roof" with principal rafters and common rafters. A timber roof truss is a structural framework of timbers designed to bridge the space above a room and to provide support for a roof.
A simple timber frame made of straight vertical and horizontal pieces with a common rafter roof without purlins. The term box frame is not well defined and has been used for any kind of framing (with the usual exception of cruck framing). The distinction presented here is that the roof load is carried by the exterior walls.