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Some shops bought goods from the traveling merchants. [2] Some of the first caravans on the Silk Road were sent out by Emperor Wu of Han in the 2nd century BCE, when this vast network of roads was 'born' and as China began exporting large quantities of silk and other goods west, particularly destined for the Roman Empire. [3]
Despite these societal factors, Chinese merchant guilds, which were monopolistic in nature, had found a way to circumvent these issues by vouching for traveling merchants who were paying members. [5] Some Chinese merchant guilds would accept members from many regions of China.
The Ten Great Merchant Guilds (simplified Chinese: 十大商帮; traditional Chinese: 十大商幫; pinyin: Shí Dà Shāngbāng) were the variously influential groups of merchants and businessmen in Chinese history. They were: [1] Shanxi Merchants (晉商) - also known as Jin merchants; Huizhou Merchants - based in modern Huangshan, Anhui
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Shanxi merchants were among the earliest Chinese businessmen and their history could be traced back to the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period.Southern Shanxi first came into commercial prominence due to its proximity to the political and cultural centers of ancient China.
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Ebrey argues that although most of Emperor Wu's fiscal policies were repealed during Eastern Han, their damage to the merchant class and the subsequent laissez-faire policies of Eastern Han allowed the wealthiest landowners to dominate society, ensuring that China's economy would remain firmly agrarian-based for centuries. [49]
This category represents Chinese merchants and traders of the pre-modern and early modern periods (up to 1911). For people involved in modern business, see the parent category, Chinese businesspeople .