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Ptolemy III was born some time around 280 BC, as the eldest son of Ptolemy II and his first wife Arsinoe I, daughter of King Lysimachus of Thrace.His father had become co-regent of Egypt in 284 BC and sole ruler in 282 BC.
On his death in 116 BC he left the kingdom to his wife Cleopatra III and her son Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II. The young king was driven out by his mother in 107 BC, who reigned jointly with Euergetes's youngest son Ptolemy X Alexander I. In 88 BC Ptolemy IX again returned to the throne, and retained it until his death in 80 BC.
Under King Ptolemy III, Pelops held an official position in Cyrene - probably, he was the governor (Libyarches). [1] From 217 BC, he served Ptolemy IV as governor (strategos) of Cyprus, as we know from three inscriptions found on the island. He is the earliest Ptolemaic governor to be attested epigraphically.
Ptolemy I and other early rulers of the dynasty were not married to their relatives, the childless marriage of siblings Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II [22] being an exception. The first child-producing incestuous marriage in the Ptolemaic dynasty was that of Ptolemy IV and Arsinoe III, who were succeeded as co-pharaohs by their son Ptolemy V, born ...
During Antiochus II's marriage to Berenice, they had a son called Antiochus. Laodice lived at Ephesus. [9] On 28 January 246 BC, Ptolemy II died, [2] and was succeeded by Ptolemy III Euergetes. After the death of Ptolemy II, Antiochus II left his second family in Antioch and returned to Laodice. He named his first son with Laodice as his ...
Ptolemy Nios or Ptolemy ‘the Son’, [41] which he was known during his co-regency with Ptolemy II as he was the adopted son and supposed first intended heir of Ptolemy II. Ptolemy ‘the Brother’, refers to his relationship with Ptolemy III. [42] Ptolemy of Telmessos, this was his title when he ruled Telmessos. [43]
Berenice then pleaded with the assembled crowd for her son's life (not aware of his fate), gaining her sympathy from throughout the Seleucid cities. This sympathy marked her as a stronger foe, and led to her execution by Laodice. Ptolemy III raised an army and rushed to Antioch in an attempt to save his sister, but arrived too late.
In 107 BC, Cleopatra III managed to expel Ptolemy IX for good from Alexandria, and raised her second son, Ptolemy X, to the throne as her co-ruler and priest of Alexander. As the inter-dynastic rivalry continued, however, in 105 BC she finally decided to assume the priesthood herself, to underline her precedence.