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Detail of the Cantiga #63 (13th century), which deals with a late 10th-century battle in San Esteban de Gormaz involving the troops of Count García and Almanzor. [1]The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for ' reconquest ') [a] or the reconquest of al-Andalus [b] was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the ...
1054 – Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Georgia, Bulgaria, Serbs, and Rus' are Orthodox Catholics with East-West Schism while Western Europe becomes Roman Catholic; 1124 – Conversion of Pomerania; 1160s – Obotrites; c. 1200 – (Southwestern) Finland; 1227 – Livonia (including mainland Estonia and northern Latvia), Cumania (Transylvania ...
The Order of Santiago (Order of Saint James of Compostela) is founded to defend Christianity and expel the Moors from Iberia. [277] 1172 (Date unknown). The Military Order of Saint James of the Sword is founded in Portugal. [278] 1174 (Date unknown). The Order of Mountjoy is founded by Rodrigo Álvarez to protect Christian pilgrims in the ...
However, that would not apply to towns under direct Umayyad rule. In Cordova, the cathedral was partitioned and shared to provide for the religious needs of Christians and Muslims. The situation lasted some 40 years until Abd ar-Rahman's conquest of southern Spain (756).
Now Christian and Jewish women were intermarrying with Muslims. The Muslims started to lose control of the peninsula after the defeat at Toledo in 1085. Christians began making their way into Spain until they captured Grenada in 1492 ending Muslim rule of Spain. Some Muslims stayed in Spain but were driven out in 1610 by Phillip III. [2]
The Catholic Church during the Age of Discovery inaugurated a major effort to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the indigenous peoples of the Americas and other indigenous peoples. The evangelical effort was a major part of, and a justification for, the military conquests of European powers such as Portugal, Spain, and France.
1151 – The Almohads, another more conservative African Muslim dynasty who have displaced the Almoravids, retake Almería. Jews and Mozárabes (Christians in Muslim lands) flee to the northern Christian kingdoms of Spain, or to Africa and the East, including Rambam. King Afonso I of Portugal tries and fails to take Alcácer do Sal from the Moors.
Muhammad al-Nasir did not overcome the defeat of this battle, he went to Marrakesh and locked himself in his palace until his death a year later. [68] [69] Castile conquered central Spain and some decades later conquered more territories in southern Spain like Seville, Córdoba and Jaén.