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Suppose two forces act on a particle at the origin (the "tails" of the vectors) of Figure 1.Let the lengths of the vectors F 1 and F 2 represent the velocities the two forces could produce in the particle by acting for a given time, and let the direction of each represent the direction in which they act.
The vector projection of a on b is a vector a 1 which is either null or parallel to b. More exactly: a 1 = 0 if θ = 90°, a 1 and b have the same direction if 0° ≤ θ < 90°, a 1 and b have opposite directions if 90° < θ ≤ 180°.
The component of the force parallel to the motion, or equivalently, perpendicular to the line connecting the point of application to the axis is . The sum is over j {\displaystyle j} from 1 {\displaystyle 1} to N {\displaystyle N} particles and/or points of application.
The line of action is shown as the vertical dotted line. It extends in both directions relative to the force vector, but is most useful where it defines the moment arm. In physics , the line of action (also called line of application ) of a force ( F → ) is a geometric representation of how the force is applied.
A body is said to be "free" when it is singled out from other bodies for the purposes of dynamic or static analysis. The object does not have to be "free" in the sense of being unforced, and it may or may not be in a state of equilibrium; rather, it is not fixed in place and is thus "free" to move in response to forces and torques it may experience.
The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.
The formula to calculate average shear stress τ or force per unit area is: [1] =, where F is the force applied and A is the cross-sectional area.. The area involved corresponds to the material face parallel to the applied force vector, i.e., with surface normal vector perpendicular to the force.
Force-directed graph drawing algorithms assign forces among the set of edges and the set of nodes of a graph drawing.Typically, spring-like attractive forces based on Hooke's law are used to attract pairs of endpoints of the graph's edges towards each other, while simultaneously repulsive forces like those of electrically charged particles based on Coulomb's law are used to separate all pairs ...