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Complex (and expensive) interventions may be unreasonable when the risk is low. On the other hand, for high-risk offenders intensive interventions are likely necessary to induce any kind of change. Need principle: Every offender naturally has their own dynamic risk factors or criminogenic needs. When changed, they predict changes in reoffending ...
The COMPAS software uses an algorithm to assess potential recidivism risk. Northpointe created risk scales for general and violent recidivism, and for pretrial misconduct. According to the COMPAS Practitioner's Guide, the scales were designed using behavioral and psychological constructs "of very high relevance to recidivism and criminal careers."
MST differs from the usual tactics in that it targets criminogenic factors related to an individual's social environment, particularly within the family system. [19] It has been identified as a promising treatment model for juvenile offenders by the U.S. Surgeon General in reducing rates of recidivism. [20]
Rhodes’ Risk Environment Framework explains substance use harms as results of reciprocal relationships between human behavior and predominantly four environmental aspects: Physical (e.g. locations of use), Economical (e.g. health budget strains), Social (e.g. intergenerational trauma), and Political (eg. health care legislations).
A 2013 study from Sweden argued that there was little effect of neighbourhood deprivation on criminality per se and rather that the higher rates of crime were due to observed and unobserved family and individual level factors, indicating that high-risk individuals were being selected into economically deprived areas. [26]
Reinstatement of drug use after a period of non-use or abstinence is typically initiated by one or a combination of the three main triggers: stress, re-exposure to the drug or drug-priming, and environmental cues. These factors may induce a neurochemical response in the drug taker that mimics the drug and thus triggers reinstatement. [3]
Healthcare reentry programs can focus on factors such as discharge planning, substance use disorder treatment, or mental health. A 2020 study evaluated three types of healthcare reentry programs: a swift, certain, fair (SCF) program for drug-involved probationers; an aftercare program for drug-involved offenders; and, a comprehensive reentry ...
The effectiveness of Norway's methods is evident as they hold one of the lowest rates of reimprisonment after 2 years at 18% as of 2018, [9] while the recidivism rate of re-charging for an offense during 5 years is 49.6% for property theft, 46.8% for violence, and 31.7% for sexual offenses as of 2017. [10]