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This is a list of English words inherited and derived directly from the Old English stage of the language. This list also includes neologisms formed from Old English roots and/or particles in later forms of English, and words borrowed into other languages (e.g. French, Anglo-French, etc.) then borrowed back into English (e.g. bateau, chiffon, gourmet, nordic, etc.).
A kenning (Old English kenning [cʰɛnːiŋɡ], Modern Icelandic [cʰɛnːiŋk]) is a circumlocution, an ambiguous or roundabout figure of speech, used instead of an ordinary noun in Old Norse, Old English, and later Icelandic poetry. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Kennings for a particular character are listed in that character ...
Poetry written in the mid 12th century represents some of the latest post-Norman examples of Old English. [3] Adherence to the grammatical rules of Old English is largely inconsistent in 12th-century work, and by the 13th century the grammar and syntax of Old English had almost completely deteriorated, giving way to the much larger Middle ...
Waldere, Old English version of the story told in Waltharius (below), known only as a brief fragment; Alpamysh, a Turkic epic; Karolus magnus et Leo papa (Carolingian, Latin, before 814) Daredevils of Sassoun ; Bhagavata Purana "Stories of the Lord", based on earlier sources; Lay of Hildebrand and Muspilli (Old High German, c. 870)
Also apophthegm. A terse, pithy saying, akin to a proverb, maxim, or aphorism. aposiopesis A rhetorical device in which speech is broken off abruptly and the sentence is left unfinished. apostrophe A figure of speech in which a speaker breaks off from addressing the audience (e.g., in a play) and directs speech to a third party such as an opposing litigant or some other individual, sometimes ...
In Old Norse poetry, either component of a kenning (base-word, determinant or both) could consist of an ordinary noun or a heiti "poetic synonym". In the above examples, fákr and marr are distinctively poetic lexemes; the normal word for "horse" in Old Norse prose is hestr.
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Main Name (Old English)Name meaning Attestations Cyning "King" wuldres Cyning "King of Glory" The Dream of the Rood [1]: Dryhten [2] "Lord" ece Dryhten "eternal Lord" Cædmon's hymn [3]