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Seizures and delays in motor development are also prevalent. Additionally, mild mental retardation can be observed. Patients often exhibit diffuse swelling of the cerebral white matter and large subcortical cysts in the frontal and temporal lobes, with cysts developing on the tips of the temporal and subcortical areas.
These included increased T2-weighted signal abnormalities involving the globus pallidi bilaterally and symmetrically as well as the presence of subcortical white matter. Similar abnormalities have been identified in the brainstem and cerebellar dentate nucleus. [2] Signal intensity on a T2 image may be a result of edema or an
Binswanger's disease, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, [1] is a form of small-vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter. [2] White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypertension as well as old age. [3]
Hyperintensities are commonly divided into 3 types depending on the region of the brain where they are found. Deep white matter hyperintensities occur deep within white matter, periventricular white matter hyperintensities occur adjacent to the lateral ventricles and subcortical hyperintensities occur in the basal ganglia. [citation needed]
[7] [10] Vasogenic edema is also characteristic of BTBGD. [5] Additional MRI findings include high T 2 signal intensity with possible swelling in basal ganglia, and abnormal diffuse involvement of the subcortical white matter, cortical, and infratentorial brain. [5] [11] Involvement in the thalami, brain stem, and cerebellum may also be ...
Demyelinating lesions begin with the appearance of some areas named NAWM (normal appearing white matter) which despite its name, is abnormal in several parameters. These areas show axonal transections and stressed oligodendrocytes (the cells responsible for maintaining the myelin), and randomly, they show clusters of activated microglia named ...
FLAIR hyperintensity measuring > 10 cm, often with significant subcortical white matter and/or sulcal involvement. One or more separate sites of involvement may be noted. ARIA-H microHemorrhage: ≤ 4 new incident microhemorrhages 5 to 9 new incident microhemorrhages 10 or more new incident microhemorrhages ARIA-H superficial siderosis ...
Perivascular spaces are most commonly located in the basal ganglia and white matter of the cerebrum, and along the optic tract. [13] The ideal method used to visualize perivascular spaces is T2-weighted MRI. The MR images of other neurological disorders can be similar to those of the dilated spaces. These disorders are: [7] cystic neoplasms ...