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  2. Wavenumber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber

    In the physical sciences, the wavenumber (or wave number), also known as repetency, [1] is the spatial frequency of a wave. Ordinary wavenumber is defined as the number of wave cycles divided by length; it is a physical quantity with dimension of reciprocal length , expressed in SI units of cycles per metre or reciprocal metre (m -1 ).

  3. Slowly varying envelope approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slowly_varying_envelope...

    It is valid for coherent forward-propagating waves in directions near the k 0-direction. The space and time scales over which E 0 varies are generally much longer than the spatial wavelength and temporal period of the carrier wave. A numerical solution of the envelope equation thus can use much larger space and time steps, resulting in ...

  4. Wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave

    Animation of two waves, the green wave moves to the right while blue wave moves to the left, the net red wave amplitude at each point is the sum of the amplitudes of the individual waves. Note that f ( x , t ) + g ( x , t ) = u ( x , t ) .

  5. Helmholtz equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_equation

    When the equation is applied to waves, k is known as the wave number. The Helmholtz equation has a variety of applications in physics and other sciences, including the wave equation, the diffusion equation, and the Schrödinger equation for a free particle. In optics, the Helmholtz equation is the wave equation for the electric field. [1]

  6. Wave vector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector

    The wave vector and angular wave vector are related by a fixed constant of proportionality, 2 π radians per cycle. It is common in several fields of physics to refer to the angular wave vector simply as the wave vector, in contrast to, for example, crystallography. [1] [2] It is also common to use the symbol k for whichever is in use.

  7. Bracket (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket_(mathematics)

    For example, [] is the smallest subring of C containing all the integers and ; it consists of all numbers of the form +, where m and n are arbitrary integers. Another example: Z [ 1 / 2 ] {\displaystyle \mathbf {Z} [1/2]} is the subring of Q consisting of all rational numbers whose denominator is a power of 2 .

  8. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    Examples of unexpected applications of mathematical theories can be found in many areas of mathematics. A notable example is the prime factorization of natural numbers that was discovered more than 2,000 years before its common use for secure internet communications through the RSA cryptosystem. [127]

  9. Wave packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_packet

    For example, if an electron wave packet is initially localized in a region of atomic dimensions (i.e., 10 −10 m) then the width of the packet doubles in about 10 −16 s. Clearly, particle wave packets spread out very rapidly indeed (in free space): [17] For instance, after 1 ms, the width will have grown to about a kilometer.

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