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X band is used in radar applications, including continuous-wave, pulsed, single-polarization, dual-polarization, synthetic aperture radar, and phased arrays. X-band radar frequency sub-bands are used in civil, military, and government institutions for weather monitoring, air traffic control, maritime vessel traffic control, defense tracking ...
TPY-2 radar in travelling configuration View from the back on a deployed TPY-2 radar. The AN/TPY-2 Surveillance Transportable Radar, also called the Forward Based X-Band Transportable (FBX-T) is a long-range, very high-altitude active digital antenna array [1] [2] X band surveillance radar designed to add a tier to existing missile and air defence systems.
Diagram of AN/SPY-3 vertical electronic pencil beam radar conex projections. X band functionality (8 to 12 GHz frequency range) is optimal for minimizing low-altitude propagation effects, narrow beam width for best tracking accuracy, wide frequency bandwidth for effective target discrimination, and the target illumination for SM-2 and Evolved Sea Sparrow Missiles (ESSM).
The Sea-Based X-band radar (SBX-1) is a floating, self-propelled, mobile active electronically scanned array early-warning radar station designed to operate in high winds and heavy seas. It was developed as part of the United States Department of Defense Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) Ballistic Missile Defense System.
The antenna uses phase-frequency electronic scanning technology, forming sharp 3D pencil beams covering large surveillance and track volume. It uses a rotating platform with a high scan rate (30 RPM) to provide 360 degree coverage. The radar is designed with high resistance to electronic countermeasures (ECM) and anti-radiation missiles (ARM). [1]
Tactical information display (TID) of radar data in the rear seat of an F-14A. The radar antenna of an AN/AWG-9 on display in the USS Hornet Museum. The AN/AWG-9 and AN/APG-71 radars are all-weather, multi-mode X band pulse-Doppler radar systems used in the F-14 Tomcat, and also tested on TA-3B. [1]
The weight of the antenna remains the same, but the weight below the deck is greatly reduced. [5]: 316–317 It was later renamed to AN/SPY-2 and subsequently developed into AN/SPY-4 Volume Search Radar (VSR) for Zumwalt-class destroyers and Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers to complement their AN/SPY-3 X-band radar.
The radar system is composed of six individual line-replaceable units (LRUs). They consist of: Antenna: A mechanically scanned, slotted planar phased-array antenna with radiating horizontal slots that is 29 inches wide by 19 inches high [3] [2] Transmitter; Low-Power Radio Frequency (LPRF) unit, with four operating frequencies within the X-band [1]