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Greek and Turkish are the official languages according to Article 3 of the Constitution of Cyprus. [37] In Northern Cyprus, the official language is Turkish (Article 2 of the 1983 Constitution of Northern Cyprus). [38] English is widely spoken on the island.
The Cyprus problem, also known as the Cyprus conflict, Cyprus issue, Cyprus dispute, or Cyprus question, is an ongoing dispute between the Greek Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot community in the north of the island of Cyprus, where troops of the Republic of Turkey are deployed.
Road sign outside Pyla, Cyprus in Greek (in capital letters, top), Turkish (middle) and English (bottom). Emanating from Anatolia and evolved for four centuries, Cypriot Turkish is the vernacular spoken by Cypriots with Ottoman ancestry, as well as by Cypriots who converted to Islam during Ottoman rule.
The Turkish air force began bombing Greek positions in Cyprus, and hundreds of paratroopers were dropped in the area between Nicosia and Kyrenia, where well-armed Turkish Cypriot enclaves had been long-established; while off the Kyrenia coast, Turkish troop ships landed 6,000 men as well as tanks, trucks and armoured vehicles. [111] [112]
In June 2004, Northern Cyprus became an observer member of Organisation of Islamic Countries (OIC) under the name "Turkish Cypriot State". [5] According to OIC, the settlement to the Cyprus Dispute is based on the inherent constitutive power of the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot peoples, their political equality and co-ownership of the Cyprus Island.
Economic modernization created a more flexible and open society and caused Greek Cypriots to share the concerns and hopes of other secularized West European societies. The Republic of Cyprus joined the European Union in 2004, officially representing the entire island, but suspended for the time being in Turkish-occupied northern Cyprus.
Fazıl Küçük, former Turkish Cypriot leader and former Vice-President of Cyprus Sarayönü Square of North Nicosia in 1969, after the division of the city. A united Cyprus gained independence from British rule in August 1960, after both Greek and Turkish Cypriots agreed to abandon their respective plans for enosis (union with Greece) and taksim (Turkish for "partition").
The linguistic situation changed radically in 1974, following the division of Cyprus into a Greek south and a Turkish north. Today, the Cypriot Turkish dialect is being exposed to increasing standard Turkish through immigration from Turkey, new mass media, and new educational institutions. [81]