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Schinus molle (Peruvian pepper, also known as American pepper, Peruvian peppertree, escobilla, false pepper, rosé pepper, molle del Peru, pepper tree, [4] peppercorn tree, California pepper tree, pirul, [5] Peruvian mastic, [6] Anacahuita or Aguaribay [7] and Pepperina [8]) is an evergreen tree that grows to 15 meters (50 feet).
Black pepper is the world's most traded spice, [5] and is one of the most common spices added to cuisines around the world. Its spiciness is due to the chemical compound piperine , which is a different kind of spiciness from that of capsaicin characteristic of chili peppers .
The origin of Oryza sativa rice domestication has been a subject of much debate among those who study crop history and anthropology – whether rice originated in India or China. [48] [49] Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of oldest crop species. It has tens of thousands of varieties and two major subspecies, japonica and indica.
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Helmeted guinea fowl in tall grass. Many foods were originally domesticated in West Africa, including grains like African rice, Pearl Millet, Sorghum, and Fonio; tree crops like Kola nut, used in Coca-Cola, and Oil Palm; and other globally important plant foods such as Watermelon, Tamarind, Okra, Black-eye peas, and Yams. [2]
In 2021, world production of rice was 787 million tonnes, led by China and India with a combined 52% of the total. [34] This placed rice fourth in the list of crops by production, after sugarcane, maize, and wheat. [35] Other major producers were Bangladesh, Indonesia and Vietnam. [35] 90% of world production is from Asia. [36]
Rice production by country (2019) This is a list of countries by rice production in 2022 based on the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database. The total world rice production for 2022 was 776,461,457 [1] metric tonnes. In 1961, the total world production was 216 million tonnes.
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