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The zygomaticus major muscle raises the upper lip to bare the upper teeth. It additionally deepens and raises the nasolabial furrow. Acting in conjunction with other muslces of facial expression that elevate the lip, it curls the upper lip to produce facial expressions such as smiling, disdain, contempt, or smugness. [2]
The procerus muscles pull the skin into horizontal wrinkles. The frontalis muscle, which runs from the upper forehead, halfway between the coronal suture (which traverses the top of the skull) and the top edge of the orbit, attaches to the eyebrow skin. Since it pulls the eyebrows upward, it is the antagonist of the orbicularis oculi.
Damage to the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve may cause paralysis of the depressor anguli oris muscle. [1] This may contribute to an asymmetrical smile. [1] This may be corrected by resecting (cutting and removing) the depressor labii inferioris muscle, which has a more significant impact on smiling. [1]
The facial muscles are just under the skin (subcutaneous) muscles that control facial expression. They generally originate from the surface of the skull bone (rarely the fascia), and insert on the skin of the face. When they contract, the skin moves. These muscles also cause wrinkles at right angles to the muscles’ action line. [2]
These muscles move the skin, creating lines and folds and causing the movement of facial features, such as the mouth and eyebrows. These muscles develop from the second pharyngeal arch in the embryo. The temporalis, masseter, and internal and external pterygoid muscles, which are mainly used for chewing, have a minor effect on expression as ...
The zygomaticus minor muscle is a muscle of facial expression. It originates from the zygomatic bone, lateral to the rest of the levator labii superioris muscle, and inserts into the outer part of the upper lip. It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward and is used in smiling.
The abductor hallucis muscle is located in the medial border of the foot and contributes to form the prominence that is observed on the region. It is inserted behind on the tuberosity of the calcaneus, the flexor retinaculum, and the plantar aponeurosis. [1] Its muscle body, relatively thick behind, flattens as it goes forward.
This action causes the muscle to keep food pushed back on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth, as when a person chews. By keeping the food in the correct position when chewing, the buccinator assists the muscles of mastication. [4] It aids whistling and smiling, and in neonates it is used to suckle.