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A high-level illustration showing the decomposition of machine instructions into micro-operations, performed during typical fetch-decode-execute cycles [1]: 11 . In computer central processing units, micro-operations (also known as micro-ops or μops, historically also as micro-actions [2]) are detailed low-level instructions used in some designs to implement complex machine instructions ...
Circuits over natural numbers are a mathematical model used in studying computational complexity theory. They are a special case of circuits . The object is a labeled directed acyclic graph the nodes of which evaluate to sets of natural numbers, the leaves are finite sets, and the gates are set operations or arithmetic operations.
The Pentium Pro's fetch and decode hardware fetches instructions and decodes them into series of micro-operations that are passed on to the execution unit, which schedules and executes the micro-operations, possibly doing so out-of-order. Complex instructions are implemented by microcode that consists of predefined sequences of micro-operations ...
The first computer to have multiple parallel discrete single-bit ALU circuits was the 1951 Whirlwind I, which employed sixteen such "math units" to enable it to operate on 16-bit words. In 1967, Fairchild introduced the first ALU-like device implemented as an integrated circuit, the Fairchild 3800, consisting of an eight-bit arithmetic unit ...
The 74181 is a 4-bit slice arithmetic logic unit (ALU), implemented as a 7400 series TTL integrated circuit. Introduced by Texas Instruments in February 1970, [1] it was the first complete ALU on a single chip. [2] It was used as the arithmetic/logic core in the CPUs of many historically significant minicomputers and other devices.
An adder, or summer, [1] is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. In many computers and other kinds of processors, adders are used in the arithmetic logic units (ALUs). They are also used in other parts of the processor, where they are used to calculate addresses, table indices, increment and decrement operators and similar ...
In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code) [1] [2] is an enumerated value that specifies the operation to be performed. Opcodes are employed in hardware devices such as arithmetic logic units (ALUs), central processing units (CPUs), and software instruction sets. In ALUs, the opcode is directly applied to circuitry via an input ...
A carry-skip adder [nb 1] (also known as a carry-bypass adder) is an adder implementation that improves on the delay of a ripple-carry adder with little effort compared to other adders. The improvement of the worst-case delay is achieved by using several carry-skip adders to form a block-carry-skip adder.