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A taxis (from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis) 'arrangement, order'; [1] pl.: taxes / ˈ t æ k s iː z /) [2] [3] [4] is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus such as light or the presence of food. Taxes are innate behavioural responses.
The lipid globules contain a complex mixture of carotenoid pigments, which provide the screening function and the orange-red colour, [40] as well as proteins that stabilize the globules. [41] The stigma is located laterally, in a fixed plane relative to the cilia, but not directly adjacent to the basal bodies.
The protein structure that makes up the flagellar filament, flagellin, is conserved among all flagellated bacteria. [23] Vertebrates seem to have taken advantage of this fact by possessing an immune receptor designed to recognize this conserved protein. [24] As in many instances in biology, there are bacteria that do not follow this rule.
Two-component systems accomplish signal transduction through the phosphorylation of a response regulator (RR) by a histidine kinase (HK). Histidine kinases are typically homodimeric transmembrane proteins containing a histidine phosphotransfer domain and an ATP binding domain, though there are reported examples of histidine kinases in the atypical HWE and HisKA2 families that are not ...
The PDZ domains are structures that consist of 6 β-filaments and 2 α-helices that recognise the C-terminal amino acids of proteins in a sequence-specific manner. Usually, the third residue from the C-terminal is phosphorylated , preventing interaction with the PDZ domain.
Kinesin is a protein functioning as a molecular biological machine. It uses protein domain dynamics on nanoscales. A protein complex or multiprotein complex is a group of two or more associated polypeptide chains. Protein complexes are distinct from multidomain enzymes, in which multiple catalytic domains are found in a single polypeptide chain ...
"Fixed action pattern" is an ethological term describing an instinctive behavioral sequence that is highly stereotyped and species-characteristic. [1] Fixed action patterns are said to be produced by the innate releasing mechanism, a "hard-wired" neural network, in response to a sign/key stimulus or releaser.
For example, Cysteine is a very reactive amino acid that would not be tolerated in high numbers within a small region of a protein. [25] Similarly, extremely hydrophobic regions can form non-specific protein–protein interactions among themselves and with other moderately hydrophobic regions [ 26 ] [ 27 ] in mammalian cells.