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α-Halo ketones can react with amines to form an α-halo imine, which can be converted back to the parent halo ketone by hydrolysis, so that halo imines may be used as masked versions of halo ketones. This allows some chemical transformations to be achieved that are not possible with the parent halo ketones directly.
It can also cause liver damage and cardiovascular side effects like high blood pressure. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
If an α-halo ketone is used, the product is an α,β-epoxy ketone. [2] Any sufficiently strong base can be used for the initial deprotonation. However, if the starting material is an ester, the alkoxide corresponding to the ester side-chain is commonly chosen in order to prevent complications due to potential acyl exchange side reactions.
Because primary and secondary amines react with aldehydes and ketones, the most common variety of these aminocarbonyl compounds feature tertiary amines. Such compounds are produced by amination of α-haloketones and α-haloaldehydes. [1] Examples include cathinones, methadone, molindone, pimeclone, ferruginine, and tropinone.
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The reduction of α-halo ketones generates a variety of product structures that may exhibit unique substitution patterns and reactivity. For instance, reduction of α,α'-dihalo ketones leads to 2-oxyallyl metal complexes, which participate in [4+3] and [3+2] cycloaddition reactions as the 2π component.
In the case of cyclic α-halo ketones, the Favorskii rearrangement constitutes a ring contraction. This rearrangement takes place in the presence of a base, sometimes hydroxide , to yield a carboxylic acid, but usually either an alkoxide base or an amine to yield an ester or an amide , respectively. α,α'-Dihaloketones eliminate HX under the ...
Here’s what you should know about its potential health benefits and side effects. What is erythritol? Erythritol is a sugar alcohol, which is a category of sweeteners known as polyols.