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This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template. RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses that lack a DNA stage, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] including SARS-CoV-2 .
NTP binding sites play a role in poliovirus RNA replication. [1] On the poliovirus RNA-dependent polymerase, also known as 3D pol, there are two binding sites. Both binding sites contain lysine residues; however, only the lysine at position 61 is essential for RNA sequence elongation as part of the replication process. [2]
A ribonucleotide tri-phosphate (rNTP) is composed of a ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups attached via diester bonds to the 5' oxygen on the ribose and a nitrogenous base attached to the 1' carbon on the ribose. rNTP's are also referred to as NTPs while the deoxyribose version is referred to as dNTPs.
RNA polymerase, assisted by one or more general transcription factors, then selects a transcription start site in the transcription bubble, binds to an initiating NTP and an extending NTP (or a short RNA primer and an extending NTP) complementary to the transcription start site sequence, and catalyzes bond formation to yield an initial RNA ...
Nucleic acid synthesis is catalyzed by either DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase for DNA and RNA synthesis respectively. [16] These enzymes covalently link the free -OH group on the 3’ carbon of a growing chain of nucleotides to the α-phosphate on the 5’ carbon of the next (d)NTP, releasing the β- and γ-phosphate groups as pyrophosphate ...
The first Mg 2+ will hold on to the α-phosphate of the NTP to be added. This allows the nucleophilic attack of the 3′-OH from the RNA transcript, adding another NTP to the chain. The second Mg 2+ will hold on to the pyrophosphate of the NTP. [19] The overall reaction equation is: (NMP) n + NTP → (NMP) n+1 + PP i
HCV genome. Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is a viral protein found in the hepatitis C virus (HCV). [1] It is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, having the key function of replicating HCV's viral RNA by using the viral positive RNA strand as a template to catalyze the polymerization of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTP) during RNA replication.
Time at the server when the request arrived, in NTP timestamp format. Transmit Timestamp (xmt): 64 bits Time at the server when the response left, in NTP timestamp format. Extension Field: variable Optional field(s) for NTP extensions (see [5], Section 7.5). Key Identifier: 32 bits Unsigned integer designating an MD5 key shared by the client ...
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