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Group B streptococcal infection, also known as Group B streptococcal disease or just Group B strep infection, is the infectious disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae. Streptococcus agalactiae is the most common human pathogen belonging to group B of the Lancefield classification of streptococci —hence the name of group B ...
Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus). It is a beta-hemolytic, catalase-negative, and facultative anaerobe. [1] [2]
Diabetes mellitus type 1: Diabetes mellitus type 1 is associated with viral species from the enterovirus genus, [53] [54] specifically echovirus 4 [55] and Coxsackie B virus (the latter it is thought may infect and destroy the insulin producing beta-cells in the pancreas and also damage these cells via indirect autoimmune mechanisms).
The system, created by Rebecca Lancefield, was historically used to organize the various members of the family Streptococcaceae, which includes the genera Lactococcus and Streptococcus, but now is largely superfluous due to explosive growth in the number of streptococcal species identified since the 1970s. [2]
[2] [7] An additional method used to identify B-hemolytic streptococci is the PYR test, which is primarily used in distinguishing S. pyogenes from other B-hemolytic strains by testing for the presence of pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase. [2] Both the Lancefield antigen grouping sera and PYR test are widely available for commercial usage.
There are many different types of streptococcal species that can cause bacteremia. Group A streptococcus (GAS) typically causes bacteremia from skin and soft tissue infections. [16] Group B streptococcus is an important cause of bacteremia in neonates, often immediately following birth. [17]