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Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), sold under many brand names, is a sympathomimetic agent which is used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. [9] [1] [10] [11] It was previously commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.
Some β-hydroxyamphetamines have had their side chain extended and cyclized.Examples include certain substituted phenylmorpholines like phenmetrazine and phendimetrazine and their analogues; substituted phenylmorpholines related to bupropion like radafaxine (cyclized (2S,3S)-hydroxybupropion) and manifaxine; certain substituted aminorexes like 4-methylaminorex and 4,4'-dimethylaminorex; and ...
Phenylpropanoids are found throughout the plant kingdom, where they serve as essential components of a number of structural polymers, provide protection from ultraviolet light, defend against herbivores and pathogens, and also mediate plant-pollinator interactions as floral pigments and scent compounds.
Norephedrine (phenylpropanolamine) is an active metabolite of ephedrine formed via N-demethylation. [ 6 ] [ 10 ] About 8 to 20% of an oral dose of ephedrine is demethylated into norephedrine, about 4 to 13% is oxidatively deaminated into benzoic acid , and a small fraction is converted into 1,2-dihydroxy-1-phenylpropane.
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Dexatrim formula has changed considerably over the years. In prior formulations, Dexatrim contained the decongestant phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and the amphetamine-like compound ephedra. [13] A 2000 study by Yale University School of Medicine showed an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke with taking PPA. [14]
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Although complete selectivity between receptor agonism is rarely achieved, some agents have partial selectivity. NB: the inclusion of a drug in each category just indicates the activity of the drug at that receptor, not necessarily the selectivity of the drug (unless otherwise noted).
Phentermine is used for a short period of time to promote weight loss, if exercise and calorie reduction are not sufficient, and in addition to exercise and calorie reduction.