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Many Native-American tribes practiced some form of slavery before the European introduction of African slavery into North America. [2] [3] The Haida and Tlingit peoples who lived along the southeastern Alaskan coast were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far as California.
Historian Carter G. Woodson believed that relations with Native American tribes could have provided an escape hatch from slavery: Native American villages welcomed fugitive slaves and, in the antebellum years, some served as stations on the Underground Railroad. [15] Diana Fletcher (b. 1838), a Black Seminole who was adopted into the Kiowa ...
That said, records and slave narratives archived by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) clearly indicate that the enslavement of Native Americans continued in the 1800s, mostly through kidnappings. One example is a WPA interview with a former slave, Dennis Grant, whose mother was full-blooded Native American. [76]
The 1863 Emancipation Proclamation only applied to States in rebellion, and did not legally affect slavery in Native American areas that fought for the Confederate States of America. Upon ratification of the 13th Amendment, slaves in the US were emancipated in 1865. [1] In practice, slavery continued in some Native American territories.
Slaves were traded across trans-continental trade networks in North America before European arrival. [1] Many of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, such as the Haida and Tlingit, were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far south as California.
In The Other Slavery, American historian Andrés Reséndez compares the thousands of books written about the slavery of Africans to the couple dozen books about Indigenous slavery and argues that the latter has "almost completely erased from our historical memory". He argues that African slavery is more widely accepted because it was legalized ...
In early 2019, New York Times reporter Nikole Hannah-Jones made a simple pitch to her editors. The year marked the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first Africans to the English colony of ...
By 1715 the Native American slave population in the Carolina colony was estimated at 1,850. [11] Prior to 1720, when it ended the Native American slave trade, Carolina exported as many or more Native American slaves than it imported Africans. [3] [4] [5] This trade system involved the Westo tribe, who had previously come down from further north.