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22227 Ensembl ENSG00000109424 ENSMUSG00000031710 UniProt P25874 P12242 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021833 NM_009463 RefSeq (protein) NP_068605 NP_033489 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 140.56 – 140.57 Mb Chr 8: 84.02 – 84.03 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Thermogenin (called uncoupling protein by its discoverers and now known as uncoupling protein 1, or UCP1) is a mitochondrial ...
Metabolism (/ m ə ˈ t æ b ə l ɪ z ə m /, from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the ...
In the mitochondria, electrons are transferred within the intermembrane space by the water-soluble electron transfer protein cytochrome c. [8] This carries only electrons, and these are transferred by the reduction and oxidation of an iron atom that the protein holds within a heme group in its structure.
In practice the efficiency may be even lower because the inner membrane of the mitochondria is slightly leaky to protons. [11] Other factors may also dissipate the proton gradient creating an apparently leaky mitochondria. An uncoupling protein known as thermogenin is expressed in some cell types and is a channel that can transport protons.
Absorption of dietary iron in iron salt form (as in most supplements) varies somewhat according to the body's need for iron, and is usually between 10% and 20% of iron intake. Absorption of iron from animal products, and some plant products, is in the form of heme iron, and is more efficient, allowing absorption of from 15% to 35% of intake.
Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 / ˌ k oʊ k j uː ˈ t ɛ n /), also known as ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring biochemical cofactor (coenzyme) and an antioxidant produced by the human body. [1] [2] [3] It can also be obtained from dietary sources, such as meat, fish, seed oils, vegetables, and dietary supplements.
Inositol hexaphosphate, also called phytic acid or IP6, is a phytochemical and the principal storage form of phosphorus in many plant tissues, especially bran and seed. [13] Phosphorus and inositol in phytate form are not generally bioavailable to non- ruminant animals because these animals lack the digestive enzyme phytase required to remove ...
A second contributing factor is that cristae, the inner membranes of mitochondria, increase the surface area and therefore the amount of proteins in the membrane that assist in the synthesis of ATP. Along the electron transport chain, there are separate compartments, each with their own concentration gradient of H + ions, which are the power ...