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The Ixodidae are the family of hard ticks or scale ticks, [1] one of the three families of ticks, consisting of over 700 species. They are known as 'hard ticks' because they have a scutum or hard shield, which the other major family of ticks, the 'soft ticks' ( Argasidae ), lack.
Hyalomma truncatum, also known as the shiny hyalomma or small smooth bont-legged tick, is a species of hard tick in the family Ixodidae. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is found in Africa. [ 2 ]
Dermacentor andersoni, commonly known as the Rocky Mountain wood tick, is a hard tick, or member of the Ixodidae family, with three life stages including larvae, nymph, and finally adult, or, more entomologically, imago. This tick is generally located in the northwest United States and southwest Canada along the Rocky Mountains.
Ixodes is a genus of hard-bodied ticks (family Ixodidae). It includes important disease vectors of animals and humans (tick-borne disease), and some species (notably Ixodes holocyclus) inject toxins that can cause paralysis. Some ticks in this genus may transmit the pathogenic bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi [3] responsible for causing Lyme disease.
The ticks that transmit Lyme disease are hard ticks. [4] Ticks often have a preferred host, but may still attach to a different host when called for. Their preferred host may change depending on the tick's stage of development (eg larval vs adult) and the host may or may not carry the transmittable pathogen. [3]
Tick-borne relapsing fever is transmitted through the bites of lice or soft-bodied ticks (genus Ornithodoros). [10] Each species of Borrelia is typically associated with a single tick species, with Borrelia duttoni being transmitted by O. moubata , and being responsible for the relapsing fever found in central, eastern, and southern Africa.
Rhipicephalus is a genus of ticks in the family Ixodidae, the hard ticks, consisting of about 74 or 75 species. [2] [3] Most are native to tropical Africa. [2] Rhipicephalus ticks are commonly called 'the brown tick' as they are mostly brown in colour. [4] Most adult ticks in this genus do not have colour patterns on their scutum (inornate). [4]
Amblyomma is a genus of hard ticks. Some are disease vectors, for example the Rocky Mountain spotted fever in United States or ehrlichiosis in Brazil. Amblyomma supinoi Amblyomma triste Amblyomma variegatum. This genus is the third largest in the family Ixodidae, with its species primarily occupying the torrid zones of all the continents.