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The Indian Wars of the early 18th century, combined with the increasing importation of African slaves, effectively ended the Native American slave trade by 1750. Colonists found that Native American slaves could easily escape, as they knew the country. The wars cost the lives of numerous colonial slave traders and disrupted their early societies.
The nickname was given to the "Black Cavalry" by the Native American tribes they fought. Even though Indians kept and worked black slaves, [28] sometimes Native Americans resented the presence of African Americans. [29] The "Catawaba tribe in 1752 showed great anger and bitter resentment when an African American came among them as a trader."
The Cherokee tribe had the most members who held black slaves, more than any other Native American nation. [49] Records from the slavery period show several cases of brutal Native American treatment of black slaves. However, most Native American masters rejected the worst features of Southern practices. [15]
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Native American slavery, the enslavement of Native Americans by European colonists, was common. Many of these Native slaves were exported to the Northern colonies and to off-shore colonies, especially the "sugar islands" of the Caribbean.
The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850, and the additional thousands of Native Americans and their enslaved African Americans [3] within that were ethnically cleansed by the United States government.
African American history and culture scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. wrote: ... the percentage of free black slave owners as the total number of free black heads of families was quite high in several states, namely 43 percent in South Carolina, 40 percent in Louisiana, 26 percent in Mississippi, 25 percent in Alabama and 20 percent in Georgia. [11]
Native Americans face lower median income levels and higher rates of poverty and joblessness than other racial groups, including white, Black and Hispanic Americans, according to census data.
Native American slaves were in the households of many prominent New Mexicans, including the governor and Kit Carson. [90] [91] Black slaves, in contrast, were vanishingly rare. [92] The Compromise of 1850 allowed New Mexico to choose its own stance on slavery, and in 1859, it was formally legalized. [93]