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Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages , each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as vectors of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.
Dermacentor andersoni, commonly known as the Rocky Mountain wood tick, is a hard tick, or member of the Ixodidae family, with three life stages including larvae, nymph, and finally adult, or, more entomologically, imago. This tick is generally located in the northwest United States and southwest Canada along the Rocky Mountains.
The life cycle of Ixodes pacificus consists of four life stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. It takes approximately three years for the tick to complete its life cycle. [11] Larvae, which emerge from eggs after approximately 53–55 days, take blood meals from vertebrates, such as lizards and birds.
Life-cycle of a typical three-host tick Development stages of ixodid tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus; E=eggs, L=larvae, N=nymphs, F=female, M=male; upper row unfed ticks, lower row fully engorged larvae, nymphs and a female; all same scale. Amblyomma species are widespread on domestic animals throughout tropical and subtropical regions.
The life cycle of ticks can vary depending on the species. Most ticks go through four stages: egg, six-legged larva, eight-legged nymph, and adult. After hatching from the egg, a tick must obtain a blood meal at every stage to survive. Ticks can feed on mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
The life cycle of the tick was studied chiefly by Ian Clunies Ross. [9] Clunies Ross also demonstrated that a toxin produced by the tick, and not some infective agent carried by the tick, was responsible for the paralysis. [10] [11] The life cycle was further studied by Oxer and Ricardo (1942) [12] and later summarised by Seddon (1968). [13]
The tick life cycle consists of four stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. [9] An adult female tick can lay over a thousand eggs in her lifetime. [10] Once a tick hatches from an egg, it enters the larvae stage, where it must attach to any available host and begin feeding. After it has fed, it detaches and molts, entering the larger nymph stage.