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The earliest attempt at wood conservation is recorded as late as 1852–1855, A. Stifter treated the Kefermarkt altar in Austria with table salt in an attempt to protect the wood against pests. In around 1916-1918 Councillor Bolle attempted to protect the wood altar from pests included brushing the wood with petroleum and hexachloroethane.
The five common chemical agents that damage wood are: Light – Creates a chemical reaction within the cell walls of wood, leading to a change in color or texture; Acids – Cause wood to become brittle. Alkalies – Cause the fibers of the wood to separate and break down. Salts – Similar to alkalies, salts break down the fibers of wood.
Perhaps the greatest cause of damage to furniture is people due to misuse and mishandling, creating physical damage. [22] Always wear clean cotton gloves and handle objects as little as possible. Check furniture for damage or loose joins before moving it. Remove objects from the surface and then remove drawers, shelves, and doors.
Damage also can occur to ceramics from previous restoration. Although the intent was to repair the object for use or display, some dated practices are now known to increase damage either physically, from rivets or staples, or chemically, from formerly used adhesives that off-gas. [2]: p.61
Furniture repair is the craft of making broken or worn furniture usable again. It may include the preservation of old furniture, which is referred to as restoration . The craft of furniture repair requires a number of different skills including woodworking , metalworking , wood finishing , caning (furniture) , woodturning , and upholstery .
Larger gouges and splits are best repaired by patching the void with a piece of wood that matches the colour and grain orientation of the wood under repair. [7] Patching wood requires skill, but when done properly it is possible to create a repair that is very difficult to see. An alternative to patching is filling (sometimes known as stopping).
The American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) recommends that all treated wood be accompanied by a Consumer Information Sheet (CIS), to communicate safe handling and disposal instructions, as well as potential health and environmental hazards of treated wood. Many producers have opted to provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) instead.
This technique is commonly used on durable woven fabrics, as less durable material may be damaged. In this method a soft bristled brush is used to directly press the solvent onto the stain. When using this method it is important to not use too much pressure, so as to avoid damaging the stained material.