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Wet-folding origami is a technique evolved by Yoshizawa that allows curved folds to create an even greater range of shapes of higher order complexity. The maximum number of times an incompressible material can be folded has been derived. With each fold a certain amount of paper is lost to potential folding.
Likely because of this definition, many scientists use not only "fold", but also "fold change" to be synonymous with "times", as in "3-fold larger" = "3 times larger". [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Fold change is often used in analysis of gene expression data from microarray and RNA-Seq experiments for measuring change in the expression level of a gene. [ 6 ]
which can be used to shorten and simplify the proofs. This assumption of finite variance is not necessary. Large or infinite variance will make the convergence slower, but the LLN holds anyway. [17] Mutual independence of the random variables can be replaced by pairwise independence [18] or exchangeability [19] in both versions of the law.
Their intercepts with the dashed lines show that when the volume increases 8 (2³) times, the surface area increases 4 (2²) times. The surface-area-to-volume ratio or surface-to-volume ratio (denoted as SA:V, SA/V, or sa/vol) is the ratio between surface area and volume of an object or collection of objects.
For a number written in scientific notation, this logarithmic rounding scale requires rounding up to the next power of ten when the multiplier is greater than the square root of ten (about 3.162). For example, the nearest order of magnitude for 1.7 × 10 8 is 8, whereas the nearest order of magnitude for 3.7 × 10 8 is 9.
Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics.It states that every even natural number greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers.
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Using the notation t for the (dimensionless) number of units of time rather than the time itself, t/p can be replaced by t, but for uniformity this has been avoided here. In this case the division by p in the last formula is not a numerical division either, but converts a dimensionless number to the correct quantity including unit.