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Each day across America, in classrooms big and small, at city schools and rural ones students recite the pledge of allegiance. Let's go back in time: It's 1892 and Chicago is preparing for the ...
Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943), is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that the First Amendment protects students from being forced to salute the American flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance in public school. [1] [2] Barnette overruled a 1940 decision on the same issue, Minersville School District v.
The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States has been criticized on several grounds. Its use in government funded schools has been the most controversial, as critics contend that a government-sanctioned endorsement of religion violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
The Pledge of Allegiance: A Revised History and Analysis, 1892–2007 (Free State Press, Inc.) ISBN 978-0-9650620-2-2 Excerpt, Chapter Eight: "Under God" and Other Questions About the Pledge. Ellis, Richard J. (2005). To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of Allegiance (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press) ISBN 0-7006-1372-2
'What is happening to our country?'
Board members signed a pledge committing themselves to “civic duty, decency and decorum,” and will work with faculty, staff and students to “consider establishing such a pledge” for the ...
Presently, some of the most notable and most stringent honor codes exist at the Federal Service Academies and Senior Military Colleges.. The military academy honor codes not only govern the cadets and midshipmen's lives at the academies but also are deemed essential to the development of military officers who are worthy of the public trust.
Pledge Across America is the nationally synchronized recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in schools. In 2001 shortly after September 11 the President of the United States and the United States Secretary of Education and both the United States Senate and House of Representatives joined over 52 million students in the synchronized Pledge of ...