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Somali is classified within the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family, specifically, Lowland East Cushitic in addition to Afar and Saho. [10] Somali is the best-documented of the Cushitic languages, [11] with academic studies of the language dating back to the late 19th century.
Somali is an agglutinative language, using many affixes and particles to determine and alter the meaning of words.As in other related Afroasiatic languages, Somali nouns are inflected for gender, number and case, while verbs are inflected for persons, number, tenses, and moods.
In Somali, the tone-bearing unit is the mora rather than the vowel of the syllable. A long vowel or a diphthong consists of two morae and can bear two tones. Each mora is defined as being of high or low tone. Only one high tone occurs per word and this must be on the final or penultimate mora. Particles do not have a high tone.
Maay is not mutually comprehensible with Northern Somali or Benadir, and it differs considerably in sentence structure and phonology. [5] It is also not generally used in education or media. However, Maay speakers often use Standard Somali as a lingua franca. [4] It is learned via mass communications, internal migration, and urbanisation. [5]
Somali is the first of two official languages of Somalia and three official languages of Somaliland. [10] [11] It also serves as a language of instruction in Djibouti, [12] and as the working language of the Somali Region in Ethiopia. [9]
Osman Yusuf Kenadid. While Osmanya gained reasonably wide acceptance in Somalia and quickly produced a considerable body of literature, it proved difficult to spread among the population mainly due to stiff competition from the long-established Arabic script as well as the emerging Somali Latin alphabet developed by a number of leading scholars of Somali, including Musa Haji Ismail Galal, B. W ...
Jiiddu (also known as Jiddu or Af-Jiiddu) is a Somali language spoken by the Jiiddu sub-clan of the Dir, a Somali clan inhabiting southern Somalia.It currently has an estimated 34,000 speakers, concentrated in the Lower Shabeelle, Bay and Middle Juba regions.
Af-Somali's main lexical borrowings come from Arabic. Soravia (1994) noted a total of 1,436 Arabic loanwords in Agostini a.o. 1985, a prominent Somali dictionary. Most of the vocabulary terms consisted of commonly used nouns and a few words that Zaborski (1967:122) observed in the older literature were absent in Agostini's later work. [17]