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The American Diabetes Association defines the following criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes: a HbA1c of 6.5%, an 8-hour fasting blood glucose of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or in patients exhibiting hyperglycemic symptoms, a random plasma glucose of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).
[10] [14] Increased susceptibility to infections, hyperglycemia (in patients already prone to stress hyperglycemia), gastrointestinal bleeding, electrolyte disturbances and steroid-induced myopathy (in patients already prone to critical illness polyneuropathy) are possible harmful effects. [6]
Steroid-induced osteoporosis: reduced bone density (osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, higher fracture risk, slower fracture repair) Weight gain due to increased visceral and truncal fat deposition (central obesity) and appetite stimulation; see corticosteroid-induced lipodystrophy
Stress hyperglycemia (also called stress diabetes or diabetes of injury) is a medical term referring to transient elevation of the blood glucose due to the stress of illness. It usually resolves spontaneously, but must be distinguished from various forms of diabetes mellitus .
Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol within the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone and corticosterone share the first part of their biosynthetic pathway. The last part is either mediated by the aldosterone synthase (for aldosterone) or by the 11β-hydroxylase (for corticosterone). [citation needed]
Glucocorticoid activity of selected steroids in vitro; Steroid Class TR Tooltip Thrombin receptor (↑) a GR Tooltip glucocorticoid receptor (%) b; Dexamethasone: Corticosteroid ++ 100 Ethinylestradiol: Estrogen – 0 Etonogestrel: Progestin + 14 Gestodene: Progestin + 27 Levonorgestrel: Progestin – 1 Medroxyprogesterone acetate: Progestin ...
It is assumed that the ability to respond to insulin-induced hypoglycemia translates into appropriate cortisol rise in the stressful event of acute illness or major surgery. [4] The extreme hypoglycemic version of the ITT is potentially very dangerous and must be undertaken with great care, because it can iatrogenically induce the equivalent of ...
Endocrine: By increasing the production of glucose from amino-acid breakdown and opposing the action of insulin, corticosteroids can cause hyperglycemia, [26] insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. [27] Skeletal: Steroid-induced osteoporosis may be a side-effect of long-term corticosteroid use.