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In organic chemistry, phosphate or orthophosphate is an organophosphate, an ester of orthophosphoric acid of the form PO 4 RR′R″ where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. An example is trimethyl phosphate, (CH 3) 3 PO 4. The term also refers to the trivalent functional group OP(O-) 3 in such esters.
The absorbance of the blue solution can be measured with a colorimeter and the concentration of phosphate in the original solution can be calculated. Alternatively, a direct (but approximate) reading of phosphate concentration can be obtained by using a Lovibond comparator. This method for phosphate determination is known as Denigés' method ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
A number of other descriptive terms are also used to qualify the extent of solubility for a given application. For example, U.S. Pharmacopoeia gives the following terms, according to the mass m sv of solvent required to dissolve one unit of mass m su of solute: [ 8 ] (The solubilities of the examples are approximate, for water at 20–25 °C.)
Settleable solids are measured as the visible volume accumulated at the bottom of an Imhoff cone after water has settled for one hour. [2]: 89–98 Turbidity is a measure of the light scattering ability of suspended matter in the water. [2]: 131–137 Salinity measures water density or conductivity changes caused by dissolved materials.
Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form. TDS are often measured in parts per million (ppm). TDS in water can be measured using a digital meter. [1]
The single-bonded oxygen atoms that are not shared are completed with acidic hydrogen atoms. The general formula of a phosphoric acid is H n+2−2x P n O 3n+1−x, where n is the number of phosphorus atoms and x is the number of fundamental cycles in the molecule's structure, between 0 and n + 2 / 2 . Pyrophosphate anion. Trimethyl ...
Elemental phosphorus is distilled out of the furnace and burned with air to produce high-purity phosphorus pentoxide, which is dissolved in water to make phosphoric acid. [22] The thermal process produces phosphoric acid with a very high concentration of P 2 O 5 (about 85%) and a low level of impurities.