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Mineral symbols (text abbreviations) are used to abbreviate mineral groups, subgroups, and species, just as lettered symbols are used for the chemical elements. The first set of commonly used mineral symbols was published in 1983 and covered the common rock-forming minerals using 192 two- or three-lettered symbols. [ 1 ]
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]
Actinolite. Nephrite (var.); Adamite; Aegirine; Afghanite; Agrellite; Algodonite; Alunite; Amblygonite; Analcime; Anatase; Andalusite. Chiastolite; Andesine ...
The irradiation process is widely practiced in jewelry industry [45] and enabled the creation of gemstone colors that do not exist or are extremely rare in nature. [46] However, particularly when done in a nuclear reactor, the processes can make gemstones radioactive. Health risks related to the residual radioactivity of the treated gemstones ...
Citrine and other quartzes are believed to have been used by the ancient Egyptians to make talismans, by the ancient Greeks for carving symbols, and by Roman priests as rings. Queen Victoria was reportedly fond of the gemstone; many brooches and pendants featuring citrine survive from this era. [ 11 ]
The mineral also contains trace amounts of chromium and vanadium, which are responsible for Painite's typically orange-red to brownish-red color, [2] [7] similar to topaz. The mineral's rarity is due to zirconium and boron rarely interacting with each other in nature. The crystals are naturally hexagonal, but may also be euhedral or ...